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==Events== *338 BC – A Macedonian army led by Philip II defeated the combined forces of Athens and Thebes in the Battle of Chaeronea, securing Macedonian hegemony in Greece and the Aegean. *216 BC – Second Punic War: Battle of Cannae: The Carthaginian army led by Hannibal defeats a numerically superior Roman army under command of consuls Lucius Aemilius Paullus and Gaius Terentius Varro. * 461 – Majorian is arrested near Tortona (Northern Italy) and deposed by the Suebian general Ricimer as puppet emperor. *1274 – Edward I of England returns from the Ninth Crusade and is crowned King seventeen days later. *1343 – Olivier de Clisson is found guilty of treason and beheaded at Les Halles in Paris. As a result, his wife, Jeanne de Clisson, sold their holding, bought a fleet of ships, and took to the sea as a pirate to seek revenge against King Philip VI of France and the nobility. *1377 – Russian troops are defeated in the Battle on Pyana River. *1610 – Henry Hudson sails into what is now known as Hudson Bay thinking he had made it through the Northwest Passage and reached the Pacific Ocean. *1776 – The signing of the United States Declaration of Independence took place. *1790 – The first United States Census is conducted. *1798 – French Revolutionary Wars: The Battle of the Nile concludes in a British victory. *1830 – Charles X of France abdicates the throne in favor of his grandson Henri. *1869 – Japan's samurai, farmer, artisan, merchant class system (Shinōkōshō) is abolished as part of the Meiji Restoration reforms. (Traditional Japanese date: June 25, 1869). *1870 – Tower Subway, the world's first underground tube railway, opens in London, England, United Kingdom. *1873 – The Clay Street Hill Railroad begins operating the first cable car in San Francisco's famous cable car system. *1897 – Anglo-Afghan War: The Siege of Malakand ends when a relief column is able to reach the British garrison in the Malakand states adjacent to India's North West Frontier Province. *1903 – Fall of the Ottoman Empire: An unsuccessful uprising led by the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization against Ottoman Turkey, also known as the Ilinden–Preobrazhenie Uprising, takes place. *1916 – World War I: Austrian sabotage causes the sinking of the Italian battleship ''Leonardo da Vinci'' in Taranto. *1918 – Japan announces that it is deploying troops to Siberia in the aftermath of World War I. * 1918 – The first general strike in Canadian history takes place in Vancouver. *1922 – A typhoon hits Shantou, Republic of China killing more than 50,000 people. *1923 – Vice President Calvin Coolidge becomes U.S. President upon the death of President Warren G. Harding. *1932 – The positron (antiparticle of the electron) is discovered by Carl D. Anderson. *1934 – Gleichschaltung: Adolf Hitler becomes ''Führer'' of Germany following the death of President Paul von Hindenburg. *1937 – The Marihuana Tax Act of 1937 is passed in America, the effect of which is to render marijuana and all its by-products illegal. *1939 – Albert Einstein and Leo Szilard write a letter to Franklin D. Roosevelt, urging him to begin the Manhattan Project to develop a nuclear weapon. *1943 – Rebellion in the Nazi death camp of Treblinka. * 1943 – World War II: The Motor Torpedo Boat PT-109 is rammed by the Japanese destroyer ''Amagiri'' and sinks. Lt. John F. Kennedy, future U.S. President, saves all but two of his crew. *1944 – ASNOM: Birth of the Socialist Republic of Macedonia, celebrated as Day of the Republic in the Republic of Macedonia. * 1944 – World War II: The largest trade convoy of the world wars arrives safely in the Western Approaches. *1945 – World War II: End of the Potsdam Conference. *1947 – A British South American Airways Avro Lancastrian airliner crashes into a mountain during a flight from Buenos Aires, Argentina to Santiago, Chile. The wreckage would not be found until 1998. *1964 – Vietnam War: Gulf of Tonkin incident: North Vietnamese gunboats allegedly fire on the U.S. destroyer . *1968 – An earthquake hits Casiguran, Aurora, Philippines killing more than 270 people and wounding 261. *1973 – A flash fire kills 51 at the Summerland amusement centre at Douglas, Isle of Man. *1980 – A bomb explodes at the railway station in Bologna, Italy, killing 85 people and wounding more than 200. *1985 – Delta Air Lines Flight 191, a Lockheed L-1011 TriStar, crashes at Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport killing 137. *1989 – Pakistan is re-admitted to the Commonwealth of Nations after having restored democracy for the first time since 1972. * 1989 – A massacre is carried out by an Indian Peace Keeping Force in Sri Lanka killing 64 ethnic Tamil civilians. *1990 – Iraq invades Kuwait, eventually leading to the Gulf War. *1998 – The Second Congo War begins. *2005 – Air France Flight 358, lands at Toronto Pearson International Airport, and runs off the runway causing the plane to burst into flames leaving 12 injuries and no fatalities. *2014 – At least 146 people were killed and more than 114 injured in an explosion at a factory near Shanghai. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「August 2」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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